遵循建筑原有的结构是营造好房子的要点
本刊 2009-07-30 14:40:55
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1、A+C：One question is related to historical residence, historical residence houses, the house in old dynasties of China, the condition is not good, those houses are regarded as monuments, also they are used in daily life, still be houses to be used. How can you make some connections, one hand to preserve them, one hand can be modernized and be comfortably used in daily life. Can or not?
A+C：第一个问题是有关于古建筑民居的。中国古代遗存下来的民居，现状很差，这些纪念碑式的建筑仍用于日常生活起居。你是如何处理历史文物保护和营造现代化舒适的居室这两者之间的关系的？将两者结合起来行得通吗？
Christian Renfer: I think we have all possibilities to obey on the structure to be convenient. When you know the structure of the house, residence houses of a public being, you make real underline. I think you will find any solutions to do what is necessary to help you to make some lobby, kitchen, offices. Office conforms to their need, the most important, the structure, what was the idea of (technique) vision to being so and so. In our country, we have to find solutions, because all these buildings are so ancient houses. We compare just as I know today ecological particular, the need is clear for arrange a basic scale, for the house we strike, need a square enter the mouth. It is just not possible to preserve a public house in the series, so they disguise 3 thousand or 2 thousand, just a square in the mouth. You have to find a solution to use it, and abiding with more than one or two points. You have many inventions in the house, so solution is not to leave it but to find the best solution, to take the most section from the structure of the house.
Christian Renfer：我们要尽一切可能去遵循建筑原有的结构，保持建筑原来的构架以方便后续工作的展开。当你了解房屋以及民居建筑形态的结构时，就已经掌握了要点。我相信会找到相应的解决方法，采取必要的措施营建一些休息室、厨房、办公区等。办公室要因需而设，最重要的是结构，它是视觉的引导思想（技艺的灵魂所在），决定了该怎样安置。
我们必需要找出解决的方法，因为这些古建筑有很高的历史价值。我们比较房屋附近的建筑风格、环境条件等，在当今要满足生态人居环境的需求，我们需要从入口处形成一片街区。因为不可能孤立的仅仅只保护古建筑房屋，而是在一定的辐射范围内，比如假设2千或者3千米的辐射半径形成一个街区，分成一到两个部分甚至更多。在房子里有很多创新构架，要找到方法来利用它们，解决方法不是将它们搁置一旁，而是找到最佳的途径，最大化的利用房子的结构。
2、
A+C：What’s your idea of good house? Because they are in this issue, what is good house, the definition of good house like fully kept house, ornamented houses, can you say something generally？
A+C：你是如何定义好房子的，这是本期杂志的讨论话题。好房子的定义，譬如是保存完好的房子，还是豪宅呢，您能就一般情况来谈谈吗？
Christian Renfer: material, good being, good construction, be typical. Good or bad, objectively naturally.
Renfer：比如房子材质比较好，保存完好，质量过硬，带有典型的特征等等。房子是好还是坏，在我看来，比较客观的、自然的房子就称之为好房子。
3、
A+C: How to make longer of the house, objectively good quality house?
A+C： 如何延长这些好房子的生命周期？
Christian Renfer: That’s difficult. Because I think to make better quality, to make some addition, I mean in material, to reform the construction, to do convenience, the classical use are interrelated. Then you have to find some convenience, the need in present or future time. But if this house is a monument, have to take some actions. You are a good architect, a good designer to find the solution to make high quality of the house. But not to destroy the historical house, now constitute another part, objectively to transform, to add to the ancient house and make their life longer obeying objective principle.
Renfer：这个问题很难。我们应该在质量方面追求更高的品质，做些延伸拓展，多点增加值。我是指在材料方面，革新建筑工艺，便利化，考虑到典型的使用需求，那样不仅在现在乃至将来房子居住使用都还是很方便。但是如果是古建筑、纪念碑式的建筑，有很高的历史价值，就必须采取一些措施。一位很好的建筑师、优秀的设计者，他能够在不破坏原有的历史遗存物的前提下，寻求更好的方法提高房屋的质量，延长他们的使用时间，在保护建筑方面坚持客观的原则。
Christian Renfer 瑞士苏黎世州文物保护局前局长、瑞士联邦政府文物保护专家
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