□ 刊发于《中外建筑》
2006年第01期
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奥地利茵斯不茹克市奥运会跳跃滑雪塔设施添加屋顶的建筑设计
安德瑞亚 蓓克北哥曼
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奥地利茵斯不茹克市的奥运会跳跃滑雪塔设施场地，曾于1964年和1976年举办过两次冬季奥运会。每年一度著名的“四个跳跃滑雪塔比赛”都在这里举行。
跳跃滑雪塔下有一平台，周围有较陡的看台，使观众能在近处身临其境地观看比赛。从平台上可看到整个跳跃滑雪塔设施，后看可俯视山脚下的美丽市容。茵斯不茹克市为了给平台添加一屋顶，展开了国际建筑竞选赛。
设计要求
对建筑的设计要求是，为平台和看台设计一个屋顶，使整个场地一年四季都能举行文艺体育活动。而屋顶的添加不能妨碍跳跃滑雪比赛的观看。
添加的屋顶从造型上既要与跳跃滑雪塔设施遥相呼应，还要与周围群山环抱的自然环境相协调。无论是作为从市内眺望的远景，还是置身其中的近景，都要有美感。
结构要求
德国建筑设计师奥特温海泊的设计方案是一个钢结构的玻璃屋顶。该结构的采光性能好，并能在阳光直射的日子里使室内有足够的阴影，挡住强烈的阳光。该设计方案的特点是简练。简单明快的屋顶造型给整个体育场罩上了一丝安详平静的气氛，结构上的简练使建筑物的性能一目了然。 这个设计将给茵斯不茹克市带来一个独特的景点。
屋顶采用一组组钢管，呈立体三角形，最大跨度为120m。钢管上方铺有玻璃。
平台处于整个区域的中心，在跳跃滑雪塔比赛时平台将被一斜坡围墙罩住。整个场地的运行费用非常低。
平台的一侧设有一长形的建筑，起到对平台的保护，遮蔽作用。该建筑使用面积约为300m2，作为存衣室，卫生间，以及艺术家，运动员们的休息室。
The Municipality of Innsbruck Tyrol / Austria organised in 1990 an international competition of architects for redesigning the Bergisel Stadium. The competion was organised as an open, international, anonymous, single-stage ideas competition held under the auspice of the International Union of Architects - UIA -, Paris.
The Bergisel Stadium in Innsbruck contains the big Olympic Ski Jump (used for the Winter Olympic Games in 1964 and 1976) where, every year on the 4th of January, the“Bergisel Ski Jumping Competition”is held within the framwork of the “Four Jumps Tournement”. Furthermore, the stadium is occasionally used to hold other sporting and cultural events.
The stadium is set apart first of all by its unique and particulary scenic location - with a panorama including the city at the foot of the hill against the magnificent mountain backdrop - and secondly by the size of the ski jump together with the impressive space in the stadium interior with its unity of form.
REQUESTS
The purpose of the competion was to develop ideas for redesigning this bergisel Stadium as a covered, multifunctional center to use it round the year for sporting and cultural events and other types of entertainment, with the center fully retaining its present function as a skijump stadium.
The key element in the designing task is the proposal for a roof - preferable convertible - over the spectator area and the proposed stage complex. This roof may never block the view of the ski jumpers or the spectator′s view when ski-jumping competitions are held in the stadium.
A further focus of the entries should be a concept or the organisation and construction of a multifunctional stage complex including such supplementary facilities as dressing rooms, workshops, storage rooms, management offices, press officies, equipment rooms, giant video screen, etc.
An important part of the competitors′ task was to develop a concept for the organization of the spectator area, including the central service area, and the various way of coordinating it with the stage complex.
In order for a large center for organized events to be functional, provisions must be made for the smoothest possible flow of the various types of the traffic inside and outside the stadium. An essential aspect of the competitors′task was to develop a high-quality design whose form, in combination with the unique natural arena, will distinguish the entire facility - for the spectators experiencing the stadium from the inside, for people in the city of Innsbruck and the Inn valley who see it from a distance and for television viewers who see it through the eye of the camera.
A factor of essential importance for the feasibility of a design is the high economic efficiency of the overall project with regard to the construction, maintenance and operating costs. The remodelling of the stadium is to be finances with the aid of professional marketing strategies, and the total costs should be approximately 100 million EURO.
STEEL GLASS CONSTRUCTION
The glass roof that proposed by the architects Ortwin Heipe and Andrea Becker-Bergemann, possesses a high translucence for daylight giving shade at the same time from direct irradiation.
Simplicity of the creative and technical means was premise of the design. The simple architectural and contructive design of the roof creates a quiet and discrete backround for diverse activities in the arena.
VThis aesthetics of the thrift gives dignity and significance to the installation. A calm atmosphere is caused by its clearness and casualness. In addition, the arena gets a distinctive and an easily remembered accent.
The big stage is variably arranged in the middle of the arena and accommodated at ski - jump events in the ramparts slope.Backstage - rooms for artists and athletes are in an elongated building, that accompanies the entrance of the stage protectively.
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